Brazil can more than double its biofuel production and consumption by 2050 with socio-environmental safeguards and the restoration of natural areas, without causing new deforestation. According to a study conducted by the Institute for Energy and Environment (IEMA), with support from the Climate and Energy Working Group of the Climate Observatory, the additional agricultural cultivation needed for biofuels could use between 20 and 35 million hectares (Mha), within the 56 Mha of degraded pastures available for agricultural expansion in general.